The alternative, today, is "open science." Through open science, data are contributed to shared repositories as they are produced and collected, methods and designs are revealed at the onset of a study, and papers are shared widely in their draft form. As a consequence, the slow and sequential process of traditional research (see figure 1) is transformed into a system of parallel research that occurs more rapidly and collaboratively (see figure 2). When the underlying data, materials, equipment, and detailed experimental design are shared, research from one laboratory can be more readily validated by another.
