Supported by the European Network of Open Education Librarians (ENOEL), this report draws on a survey conducted between November 2023 and January 2024. SPARC Europe follows the uptake of OE and OER in European Higher Education closely: this is the fourth time that we have conducted such a survey. This report examines the roles, challenges, and benefits associated with OE and OER. The findings highlight that libraries play a central role, despite facing challenges related to resource constraints and resistance in their institutions.
